A seller would be prudent to state in the contract not just they will provide an insurance document but state specific wording such as “One original insurance policy or certificate of marine insurance,  for 110 percent of the invoice value, blank endorsed, covering Institute Cargo Clauses (C), Institute War Clauses (Cargo) and Institute Strikes Clauses (Cargo).” Anything more than that in an LC is just superfluous and often meaningless.Click here to accept TFG Marketing so that we can send you these guidesClick here to accept TFG Marketing so that we can send you these guidesClick here to accept TFG Marketing so that we can send you these guides The rules do not define what “electronic form” is, it can be anything from a pdf file to blockchain or some format yet to be developed in the future.In each of the rules the buyer must pay the price for the goods as stated in the contract of sale.The rules do not refer to when the payment is to be made (before shipment, immediately after shipment, thirty days after shipment, half now half later, or whatever) or how it is to be paid (prepayment, against an email of copy documents, on presentation of documents to a bank under a letter of credit, or other arrangement). There are a number of alternative methods of shipping agreements that assign more of the responsibility (and the control) to the buyer, which we’ll discuss later.Determining where these liabilities shift is a hugely important part of shipping and buying.CIF is popular among smaller businesses and those new to the shipping game because it allows the buyer to manage a relatively small part of the process, leaving the bulk of the work to the seller.Larger businesses usually skip CIF, opting for shipping methods that give them more control over costs. The seller, at its own cost, must provide the buyer with the usual transport document covering transport to the agreed port of destination. The seller must give the buyer the insurance policy or a certificate under a policy — this document usually evidences the seller as the party being insured so it must then blank endorse the document on the back to allow the buyer to claim should it so require.This rule too dates back to the early days of international shipping an is largely unchanged since then.The difference between CIF and CFR is that while the risk of loss or damage at delivery becomes the buyer’s, the seller is obliged to take out insurance for that risk and provide the buyer with a document which allows the buyer to claim against that insurance. Free CIF Incoterm® 2020 PDF But I highly recommended you Global Exchain who can help you **international Fulfillment, E commerce services and shipping cargo** ( If the contract of carriage includes transit costs, and/or unloading at the discharge port then these costs are for the selleThe seller has to pay any costs involved in providing the usual proof that the goods have been delivered, so if the contract between the parties states that proof as being a bill of lading then any document fee is for the seller.In the case only of CIF, the seller pays the cost of insurance covering the buyer’s risk.The seller pays any costs, export duties and taxes, where applicable, related to export clearance.If the buyer is requested by the seller to provide information or documents to assist the seller in their export formalities, then the seller must pay the buyer for these costs.The buyer must pay the seller all costs relating to the goods from when they have been delivered, other than those payable by the seller.If the seller has been requested by the buyer to provide assistance in obtaining information or documents needed for the buyer to effect insurance (only in the case of CFR), and transit and import clearance then the buyer must reimburse the seller’s costs.Where applicable, the buyer pays any duties, taxes and other costs for transit or import clearance.Additionally, and provided the seller has advised that the goods have been clearly identified as the goods under the contract, the buyer pays any additional costs incurred if the buyer fails to give notice, if  the parties have agreed in the contract that the buyer is entitled to determine the time for shipping the goods and/or the point of receiving the goods in the port of destination.Click here to accept TFG Marketing so that we can send you these guidesThe seller must give the buyer notice that the goods have been delivered, meaning loaded on board the vessel. What that notice is will be agreed in the sales contract and might well also refer to conditions contained in a charter party contract of carriage if relevant.If the parties agree in the contract that the buyer is entitled to determine the time for the seller to ship the goods, and possibly more importantly, the point within the named port of destination where it will receive the goods, the buyer must give the seller sufficient notice.


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